All Planets Of Solar System

 WHAT IS THE SOLAR SYSTEM

SOLAR SYSTEM 

The Solar System is made up of a star called the Sun and everything that travels or orbits nearby it  This includes eight planets and their Moons - Dwarf Planets - Asteroids - Comets - and Smaller Rock and Dust; The Solar System is one of many solar systems that exist in the universe

1 Comets:

Comets are cosmic snowballs of rock, ice, and dust  When one passes near to the Sun, it heats up and forms a tail ^

2 Gas planets:

The four planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune- are the largest planets in our galaxy They are mostly made of gas and spacecraft are unable to land on them:;

3 Asteroids:

Asteroids are lumps of rock and metal left over from when the Solar System first formed, Most can be found in the asteroid belt, which is located between the planets Mars and Jupiter

4 Rocky planets:

Closest to the Sun are the four rocky planets- Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars They all began their existence in the same way, but over time became very different worlds-;

Kuiper Belt:

This ring of icy rock lies beyond the path that Neptune follows around the Sun

5 Dwarf planets:

Dwarf planets, such as Pluto, also travel around the Sun, These worlds are smaller than the other planets Explorers think there may be dozens of undiscovered dwarf planets hiding in the Solar System:;

FACTS-

          Explorers consider that the solar system started to grow 4.6 billion years ago was formed

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THE MILKY WAY

The Solar System is located in the Milky Way, a huge spiral galaxy containing billions of stars. They are grouped in "arms" that spiral outwards. All of the stars are travelling around a point at the centre. Scientists think there is a supermassive black hole located there that sucks in anything that gets too close to it.

THE NIGHT SKY 

night On a clear, dark night it is possible to see the Milky Way stretching across the sky as a bright, cloudy band. Although the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, it doesn't look like it from Earth because we are inside it!

BLACK HOLE 

The pull of gravity from a black hole is so great that not even light can escape it. Supermassive black holes, like the one at the centre of the Milky Way, also fire out jets of energy.

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THE SUN 

Located at the centre of the Solar System is he Sun. It is a star, like the ones you see in the night sky. A burning ball of gas, made of mostly nydrogen and helium, it provides us with the neat we need to survive. The Sun is so massive that its gravity-the force that pulls things together - keeps the planets in orbit around it

HOW BIG IS THE SUN 

The Sun is so ginormous that all of the planets of the Solar System could fit inside it hundreds of times over.

OUR SUN 

Energy is constantly being generated deep within the Sun. It can take up to 100,000 years for energy to reach the surface, but then it only takes 8 minutes to reach the Earth!

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LIFE ON EARTH 

Although there may be life elsewhere in our Solar System, we haven't discovered it yet. The only place we know has life is Earth. Our home planet is at just the right distance from our Sun for liquid water to exist and has all the other key ingredients to make life possible

RAW METERIALS 

The raw materials needed for life are found all over Earth - for example in soil. However soil needs water and energy from the Sun before life can appear.

WHAT ARE WE MADE OF 

From the biggest whale in the ocean to a tiny mouse all life on earth has one thing in common it's all made from same stuff

FACTS 

life in earth began more than 3 and half billion years ago

ENERGY

Life on Earth would not be possible without a constant source of energy such as the Sun.

WATER 

Liquid water is essential for life it allows crucial changes to take place between raw material.

STARDUST 

Nearly everything that makes up our bodies, and everything else on Earth, was created when dying stars exploded. These explosions send raw materials like carbon and oxygen hurtling across space, and these raw materials are what we are made of. That means that you are made of stardust!

EARTHS EVIL TWIN 

Earth and Venus are about the same size, and are made up of similar rocky materials, but that's where the similarities end! Venus is a deadly world It's boiling ho- covered in volcanoes, and cloaked in an atmosphere of deadly poisonous gases.

FACTS 

Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system

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THE MOON 

The Moon is our closest neighbour and the only place in the Solar System, other than Earth, that humans have set foot on. The Moon is desert-like, with plains, mountains and valleys, and a black sky. It is covered with craters, because there is no atmosphere to protect it from space rocks.

MOON LANDING 

Twelve people have walked on the Moon, the first being Neil Armstrong. People have driven cars on the Moon, called Lunar Rovers, and even played golf!

FACTS

On July 20 the first astronaut landed on moon

MOON EXPLORATION

 People last visited the Moon in 1972, but the footprints they left will last for millions of years because there is no wind to blow them away This means future Moon explorers will be able to see them

SOLAR ECLIPSE

 the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, the Moon briefly blocks out light from the Sun, causing an eclipse to be seen on Earth.

HOW THE MOON FORMED 

Scientists think the Moon was formed when the Solar System was very young and an object about the size of Mars collided with the young Earth. They think the Moon is debris from the collision pulled together in Earth's orbit by gravity

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The Space Race

Space In the middle of the 20th century the USA and the Soviet Union were struggling to be the most powerful country in the world. Both countries wanted to be the first to send spacecraft and people into space, and so the Space Race began.

👉The first man-made object to travel into space was the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1. It was launched on 4 October 1957

👉A month later, on 3 November 1957, the Soviet Union sent a dog into space. She was called Laika, and became the first living creature to orbit the Earth.

👉But the Soviet Union sent a human to space first On 12 April 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin  orbited the Earth.

👉In April 1959, the US introduced its first group of astronauts, known as the Mercury 7. They were an elite group of pilots who did special training to travel to space.

👉In September 1962 US President John F.Kennedy set the goal of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the decade.

👉But the Soviets were still ahead, and in June 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to travel to space.

👉In a further triumph, on 18 March 1965 the Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first person to walk in space!

👉However, the United States were first to the Moon. The Apollo 11 mission launched on 16 July 1969 and successfully landed on the Moon four days later.

👉On 20 July 1969, and Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin (shown here) became the first people to walk on the Moon. The Space Race was over

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MARS 

Mars is nicknamed the Red Planet because of its rusty soil. Like Earth, it has a rocky surface, polar ice caps, mountains, valleys, and clouds in the sky. However, the fourth planet from the Sun has a far more extreme environment than ours. It is very cold and dry with a thin unbreathable atmosphere.

MARS' MOONS 

Mars has two moons, called Phobos and Deimos, which are much smaller than Earth's Moon. Their names mean "panic" and "fear". They were probably asteroids pulled towards Mars by its gravity..

Olympus Mons

 Towering high above the Martian landscape is Olympus Mons. It is the largest volcano in our Solar System and nearly three times as high as Mount Everest!

WEATHER ON MARS 

Like Earth, Mars has seasons. This is because the planets are tilted at similar angles. Different parts of the planet lean towards the Sun at different times during the year, making it warmer or cooler.

EXPLORING MARS 

Exploring Scientists have always longed to explore Mars, They believe that in the past the Red Planet could have been far warmer and wetter than it is now. There may once bave even been life on Mars, and tiny life forms such as bacteria could live on the planet today many spacecraft have already visited Mars and in future humans will too.

WATER ON MARS

 In 2015, NASA found the strongest evidence yet thar liquid water exists on Mars This was a hugely exciting discover   because scientists looking life in our Solar Systen think that where there is liquid water,

HUMAN EXPLORATION 

One day people will walk on Mars. Astronauts will see the landscape with their own eyes and become the first humans to walk on another planet. Even if no life is found, reaching Mars will be a crucial step on the way to exploring the wider Solar System.

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ASTEROID BELT 

Between the planets Mars and Jupiter lies the asteroid belt. It is home to tens of thousands of asteroids. These rocky objects are leftovers from the early Solar System, and are too small to be considered planets. They come in different shapes and sizes with the smallest being less than 1 km (0.6 miles) wide. Some asteroids have moons and one even has rings! 

ASTEROID orbits 

Asteroid Not all of the asteroids in our Solar System are found in the asteroid belt. Some asteroids edfplanets, including Earth. Asteroids that come close to Earth are called Near Earth Objects. The planet Jupiter urneeven shares its orbit around the Sun with two groups of asteroids, which are called Trojans.

JUPITER

 Jupiteris the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with thick bands of brown, yellow, and white clouds. Its atmosphere is made up of hydrogen and helium gas, just like our Sun, and if it was much more massive, it could become a star! 

Giant planet 

Jupiter is the king of the Solar System. It is an amazing 143,000 km (89,000 miles) wide. Jupiter is so large that all of the other planets could fit inside it!

Jupiter's ring 

Jupiter's rings Tupiter has three thin rings, called the Jovian Rings. They are mostly made of dust and can only be seen when viewed from behind Jupiter, when they are lit up by the Sun. 

BENEATH THE CLOUDS

Any spacecraft that passed through Jupiter's clouds would be crushed and melted by the huge pressure. Scientists believe that beneath the clouds there is a giant ocean made of liquid metal. 

GREAT RED SPOT 

Great Red Spot One of Jupiter's most famous features is the Great Red Spot. It is a huge storm, more than three times the size of Earth, that has been raging for hundreds of years!

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SATURN 

Saturn is the second largest planet, after Jupiter, and is known as the "Jewel of the Solar System" because of its spectacular rings. It is a gas giant that spins so fast it bulges out in the middle. 

LORD OF RINGS 

Saturn is surrounded by rings that are made up of billions of chunks of rock and ice. The rings can be seen from Earth through a telescope.

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URANUS AND NEPTUNE

Cold and dark, Uranus and Neptune are known as ice giants because they are made of a mix of gas and icy materials. Both worlds have small rings and many moons. They have only been visited by one spacecraft, Voyager 2, and are still waiting to be explored. 

 SPINNING ON ITS SIDE 

Uranus is the odd-ball of the Solar System, as it orbits the Sun tilted on its side! Scientists think this is because Uranus was struck by an Earth-sized object early in its life, knocking it over.

STORMY PLANET 

Neptune is the windiest planet in the Solar System. Winds tear through Neptune's clouds at speeds of up to 2,000 kph (1,200 mph). These ferocious winds once blew a huge storm across the planet. It was called the Great Dark Spot and it was the size of the Earth! 

GREAT DARK SPOT 

This storm was spotted by Voyager 2 when it visited Neptune in 1989. It had disappeared by the next time Neptune was viewed.

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PLUTO 

Pluto was once thought to be a barren, boring lump of rock at the edge of the Solar System. However, a recent mission has shed new light on this mysterious world. It is filled with ice mountains and volcanoes, and it has particles in its atmosphere that scatter sunlight, giving it a blue sky just like on Earth. 

 STRANGE SURFACE 

In 2015, photos revealed Pluto's surface for the first time. NASA scientists spotted smooth plains riddled with craters and mountains of ice.

DWARF PLANET 

In 2006 it was decided Pluto wasn't a planet, but a dwarf planet. Dwarf planets are similar to planets in many ways, but share their orbits around the Sun with other objects, such as asteroids and comets. There are currently five recognized dwarf planets in the Solar System, but it is thought there are many more. 

NEW HORIZONS 

In 2015 the New Horizons probe made a close flyby of Pluto. It was the first time the dwarf planet had been seen in such clear detail, revealing a world far more active than was previously thought. 

THE KUIPER BELT 

The Kuiper Belt is made up of millions of icy and rocky objects that orbit the Sun at the edge of the Solar System. It is also home to dwarf planets. New Horizons will do its first flyby of a Kuiper Belt object in 2019. 

FACTS 

Pluto was named by 11-years-old Venetia Burney in 1930!

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SPACE AGES 

Did you know that you are a different age on each planet? This is because a year is the time it takes an object in the Solar System to orbit the Sun. Every planet or dwarf planet takes a different length of time to do this, so their years can be long or short. A year on Earth is the same as about four years on Mercury, while a year on Pluto takes 248 Earth years! 

1. A year of mercury is 88 Earth days.Mercury flies round the quickly than the Sun more other planets - its year is That means that if you are 10 on Earth, you are 41 on Mercury! 

2. A year of Venus is 225 Earth days. A day is the amount of time it takes a planet to spin once. Venus takes 225 Earth days to orbit the Sun, but it spins very slowly. This means the days on Venus are very long. In fact, a day on Venus is longer than a year on Venus! 

3. A year of Earth is 365  Earth days.

4. A year of Mars is 687 Earth days. 

5. A year of Jupiter is 12 Earth years. 

6. A year of Saturn is 29 Earth years. 

7.A year is URANUS is 84 Earth years.

8. A year of Neptune is 165 Earth years. Neptune A year on Neptune takes 165 Earth years. This means that it is impossible to turn one on Neptune in a human lifetime. 

9. A year on Pluto is 248 Earth years.Pluto is so far from the Sun that you would wait a long time for your first birthday. It would take 2,480 Earth years to turn 10!

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Beyond The Solar System

Our Sun is one of many stars in our galaxy and our galaxy, the Milky Way, is one of many galaxies in the Universe. It is not yet possible for humans to travel beyond our Solar System, but by using telescopes scientists are able to take pictures of galaxies trillions and trillions of kilometres away.

LOOKING INTO DEEP SPACE

Using space telescopes, scientists have seen stars being born and dying, and observed very distant galaxies. They have been able to work out that the Universe is nearly 14 billion years old.

EXPOPLANET 

Our Sun is not the only star that has planets orbiting around it. Lots of other stars have planets, too, and scientists call these exoplanets".